The Facebook Addiction Essay - 939 Words

TheFacebook Addiction Poke. Poke back. Poke. Poke back. Welcome to the world of TheFacebook, the online community where flirting with that cute person that sits next to you in class is only one click away. TheFacebook is an online directory that connects people through social networks at colleges and universities. Since being founded, in February 2004 at Harvard University, TheFacebook has expanded to many universities across the United States. In November 2004, the numbers of registered users exceeded one million. For example, the University of Florida currently has about half the student body registered, while a university comparable in size, such as the University of South Florida, has registered about a quarter of its student†¦show more content†¦Ã‚• Socializing - informal connection places. • Planning and organizing (community groups, scout groups, sports teams) • Teambuilding - strengthening group relationships. • Relationship building - finding interesting people and getting to know them. • Work spaces for group meetings, interactions etc. • Learning spaces (all online or in combination with face-to-face learning, group or individual) • Information sharing- a place to share files and ideas. • Game playing - just having fun So how does TheFacebook work? You log on to the website and create an account through your college. Then you are able to upload information about yourself, such as your contact numbers, interests, clubs, favorites movies and books, etc. From there, you can search other members profiles based on similar interests, such as what school you are going to, the high school you attended, or what courses you are currently taking. Users can update their profiles often in order to let their online friends know what they are up to. The most predominant feature is the social network you can develop. Like social networking websites, TheFacebook allows users to search for people and select them as friends. It offers an interesting advantage over other friendship websites in that it allows members to browse through students taking the same classes, living in the same buildings, or coming from the same high schools. The Facebook even allows you to view your social network.Show MoreRelatedFacebook Addiction2823 Words   |  12 PagesAsian Social Science; Vol. 10, No. 6; 2014 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Addictive Facebook Use among University Students Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh1, Bahaman Abu Samah1, Siti Zobidah Omar1, Jusang Bolong1 Nurul Akhtar Kamarudin1 1 Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Correspondence: Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh, Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra MalaysiaRead MoreFacebook Addiction1694 Words   |  7 PagesFacebook Addiction The newest social networking site, Facebook has opened up an exciting online world that has enabled millions of people around the world to connect with each other. Facebook provides its members a way to make new friends, keep in touch with current friends, and find old friends and family anywhere in the world without ever having to leave their home. Since its introduction to the public in 2005 Facebook has experienced phenomenal growth and has become the world’s most popularRead MoreEssay on Facebook Addiction975 Words   |  4 PagesFACEBOOK ADDICTION Facebook has come to be probably the most commonly used social networking site, nearly half of Facebooks users view their profiles  Ã‚   every day. Some of the   users spend an unreasonable amount of their time on Facebook, whiling   the hours away unnoticed, while chores to go unfinished, and even going to the extent of ignoring family and friends in the real world. Although a majority of the hundreds of millions of people use Facebook as a social networkingRead MoreEssay on Facebook Addiction964 Words   |  4 PagesFACEBOOK ADDICTION Facebook has come to be probably the most commonly used social networking site, nearly half of Facebooks users view their profiles  Ã‚   every day. Some of the   users spend an unreasonable amount of their time on Facebook, whiling   the hours away unnoticed, while chores to go unfinished, and even going to the extent of ignoring family and friends in the real world. Although a majority of the hundreds of millions of people use Facebook as a social networkingRead MoreFacebook Addiction Study6315 Words   |  26 PagesPhilippines in terms of social networking but as we go to the trend, Filipinos have moved on to Facebook, which is currently the biggest and the most popular among social networking sites (Abaà ±o, 2010). It is said that Facebook had become a part of our life. Facebook provides features which gives benefits to its users. However, as we are getting hooked to Facebook, becoming a Facebook addict is inevitable.  ³Facebook is just so addictive, it ¶s better to get logged on than to finish my project in the morning ´Read MoreFacebook : The Positive And Negative Effects Of Facebook Addiction1309 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook Addiction Have you ever imagined your life without Facebook? These days Facebook has become an essential part of our life. Facebook usage involves both the simple use of the site and the level of cognitive engagement with the site. Its use means the existence of individual users on the social website, frequent visits, time committed to this site, and the kind of activities undertaken. People of different ages interact and exchange information; they share picture and videos, discuss issuesRead MoreFacebook s Development Of An Addiction990 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook provides a place for people to hide, a place for people to anonymously bully, and a place for people to create themselves to look perfect in their eyes and to only show the profile they want everyone else to see. The power Facebook provides in this way is another leading cause for the development of an addiction. Most online users alter their profiles to make their lives appealing to their friends and family. It is noticed that t eenagers do this a lot, but they are not as successful in foolingRead MoreFacebook and Social Media Addiction938 Words   |  4 Pages Feeling anxious, Sarah asked for her phone back so she could look at her Facebook notification. Her mom said no but she just kept on begging and begging for it back until her mom noticed†¦ Sarah was crying over an electronic device. 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Despite criticism from Croom et al (2016), the research highlights a factor of Facebook which could have a huge impact on positive mood, and as a result of not being incorporated within this study could be argued as a factor to why there was not relationship between Facebook usage and mood. 4.2.3 Facebook Usage and Negative Mood The research conducted by Uysal (2013) investigated the effects of Facebook addiction and mood, in 297 participantsRead MoreSocial Networking Addiction1159 Words   |  5 Pagesexplosion of social networks such as Myspace and Facebook, which added a new social dimension to the web. While such networks have made people, communities and groups with shared interests stay more â€Å"connected,† Internet addiction and social network addiction in particular also started being recognized as psychological disorders all over the world. While several 90†²s studies focused on Internet addiction, the next decade saw the growth of a new addiction related to all manner of social networking sites

Gender Roles Are Defined By The Roles Or Behaviours Learned

Gender roles are defined by the roles or behaviours learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms. Gender roles are based on norms or standards, created by society. In American culture masculine roles have traditionally been linked with strength, aggression, and dominance, while feminine roles have traditionally been associated with passivity, nurturing, and being submissive. Gender socialization starts and occurs throughout the four major agents of socialization of peer groups, family, mass media, and education. Throughout this repeated socialization over time leads men and women into a false sense that they are acting naturally rather than following a socially constructed role created by†¦show more content†¦That throughout the ages one main discussions about gender roles in the United States has been the historical evolution from a single-income family, or a family unit in which one spouse typically the father is responsi ble for the family income to to a dual-income family, or a family unit in which both spouses generate income.That before the rise of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s and the influx of women into the workforce in the 1980s, women were largely responsible for dealing with home matters while men worked and earned income outside the home. Which was a radical change since women would be primarily focused on housekeeping, childcare, and children s education while the men’s participation in domestic activity would be only partially desired and socially acceptable.With the popularization of social constructionist theories of gender roles, it is paramount that one recognize that all assertions about gender roles are culturally and historically contingent.Which means that what might be true of gender roles in the United States for one cultural group likely is not true for another cultural group. The roles played by the members of each gender in American society reflects a burgeoning problem about the lack of equality between the sexes. Women in America usually still fulfill the role of â€Å"homemaker.† Woman are still regarded as the caretaker ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Constructionism And Biological Determinism1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideology that gender is socially constructed is a view that has been present in a number of philosophical, sociological and psychological theories. This view shares an understanding that gender is a product of enculturation through a prescribed ideal, as well as determines what is considered socially appropriate behaviour for a person of a specific gender. Society is shaped globally through social order. Each culture and society share a social order that is defined as a particular set of customsRead MoreGender Roles And Attitudes Of A Teacher s Practice1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe present essay attempts to demonstrate the stereot ypes around gender and and it’s relation to a teacher’s practice. In order for this objective to be met, the theory of gender will be introduced, followed by the stereotypes regarding the gender ‘’roles’’. Moreover the role of culture in the creation of gender roles and how popular culture-media carry stereotypes on children will be presented. This aims to show how a teacher can combat or prevent those stereotypes through her thoughtful, carefulRead MoreEssay about Socialization and the Learning of Gender Roles886 Words   |  4 Pages[Macionis et al. p 55] The concept of socialization is that our actions are driven/learned by culture. Socialization is also the foundation of personality, which we build by internalizing our surroundings. Through the lifelong process of socialization, society transmits culture from one generation to the next. A good example of socialization is the learning of gender roles. Anthropologist Margaret Mead reasoned that if gender reflects biological facts of sex, that people everywhere in the world would defineRead MoreFantomina: the Manipulator of Situations1503 Words   |  7 Pagesin France. Haywood’s Fantomina represents an important moment in the evolution of gender constructions in the eighteenth century.This research essay is from short story Fantomina.Eliza Haywood Fantomina perceives that gender categories can easily be changed by showing that nothing is ever fixed.You have the power to manipulate any situation you are faced with. There are many instances where the reversal of gender categories is highlited. On page 1458,Haywood says ‘She was young,a stranger to theRead MoreEntrepreneurial Education And Entrepreneurship Education1511 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it is a given that many research findings demonstrate an overall agreement on entrepreneurial education and that entrepreneurship can be learned and taught to a certain extent, agreements around the entrepreneurship education curriculum such as teaching methods, appropriateness of concepts and educational course content, are not quite in unison amongst scholars (Robinson and Hayenes 1991; Kuratko 2005; Pittaway and Cope 2007; Lià ±Ãƒ ¡n et al 2011). Therefore it can be assumed that entrepreneurialRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Expression1399 Words   |  6 PagesTo conceptualise sexual identity and gender expression, Judith Butler (1990) proposes a poststructuralist perspective; that gendered behaviour (masculinity and femininity) is le arned, a performative act, and that gender is constructed through a ‘heterosexual matrix’. She describes this as [A] hegemonic/epistemic model of gender intelligibility that assumes that for bodies to cohere and make sense there must be a stable sex expressed through a stable gender (masculine expresses discursive male, feminineRead MoreEssay about Sociological Analysis of Sexual Assault1554 Words   |  7 Pagesmay also bring a private action called a civil suit, suing the person who assaulted her or him for money damages.This cause of action is distinguishable from a criminal action, which is defined by a different body of law, has a different burden of proof, and has different results. The civil suit is generally defined by court cases, rather than by treatment of law, as is criminal justice. The macro-diachronic approach is a modern theoretical model of crime and deviance, which specifically attemptsRead MoreCulture, Culture And Culture Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesCulture, in Sociology, is a concept developed during XVIII and XIX centuries that has had various definitions. One exhaustive definition is in Browne (2015, p. 31): â€Å"Culture refers to the language, beliefs, values and norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge and skills, and all the other things that people learn that make up the ‘way of life’ of any society† So when we use the expression ‘Italian culture’ we know that we are talking about the entire set of believes, knowledge and the whole wayRead MoreThe Evidence that Socialisation Plays a Major Part in Shaping Human Behaviour869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evidence that Socialisation Plays a Major Part in Shaping Human Behaviour Socialisation is the lifelong process by which human behaviour is shaped through experience in social institutions (e.g. family, which is a crucial factor in primary socialisation). Through socialization, individuals learn the values, norms (formal and informal rules), and beliefs of a given society. In considering the nature of the self, it is necessary to include a still more fundamentalRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Roles Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesand intensity of how the sexes, gender, gender roles and gender stereotypes are differentiated. Before we get to understand how they are differentiated, it s good to first understand the meaning of each term. Sex is the biological and physiological differences between men and women, sex roles are the behaviours and patterns of activities that the men and women may engage in which are directly related to their biological differences while gender are the behaviours or patterns of activities that the

Human Resource Management for Woolworths and Coles- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Woolworths and Coles. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is considered the key determinant of organization performance. Clear outlined human resource management structure normally reduces management challenges. The HR wage issue has become a problem in Australia though organizations are required to comply with HR policies that indicate the need for equal pay for employees. In studying human resource and important issues that affect the most organization in Australia and globally remains wage disparities. In identifying this challenge two organizations were studied and these are Woolworths and Coles. Employees tasked with trolley collection in these two organizations had poor payment issues leading to wage discriminations. Upon pressure from institutions such as Fair Work Ombudsman, Coles reviewed its wage policies while Woolworth maintained payment policies for trolley collectors. Woolworths being an employer of more than 200, 000 employees, has recently come into the spotlight for two human resource issues. These human resource issues are poor payment of trolley collectors and subsequently discrimination of these employees. The human resource remains one of the most important aspects of the organization and should be treated with the most care. Theories of human resource also indicate that HR is an important department of an organization. There are many theories and literature that have been advanced to give a deeper understanding of human resource especially solving certain human resource challenges. The following literature review explores various human resource theories that give a clear understanding of HR wage disparities issue. Theories and concepts of human resources According to the theory of Ability, Motivation Opportunity (AMO), for the organizations to solve problems of poor performance there is need to motivate employees. According to Brewster, Sparrow, and Harris (2005), one way to motivate employees is to remunerate them is according to their role or standard. Poor pay is an issue that requires high attention as it determines the performance of the employees. A similar theory of performance also indicates that a motivated employee will work better than a less motivated employee. Moreover, the organization policies, especially on compensation of employees, play a critical role in the motivation of employees. This implies that an organization that has low payment policies is most likely to face similar issues as Woolworths. In addition, setting organization policies that aim at the motivation of employees should comply with the set standards for such employees. According to Lowry (2006), ethics also play role in compensation of employees as ethical standard prevent any discrimination of employee in terms of wages. A case study conducted by Michelson and Kramar (2003), shows that a motivated employee normally feels encouraged and hence their performance increase. However, Bjorkman (2006) contradicts the theory of motivation indicating that employees will be motivated by pay for a short period of time and thereafter their performance either reduce or remain constant. Wall Parker (2001) summarise the theory of motivation indicating that even if the employee is shortly motivated, their performance cannot reduce to the same level as initial before motivation. HR operative model is another theory of human resource that explores the flexibility of the organization operates. According to Radhakrishna Satya (2015), a flexible operation allows adjustment when there are challenges affecting the human resource. It worth noting that one of the key challenges that Woolworth is facing is operation inflexibility as the organization is unable to review compensation policies for trolley collectors. Similarly, Kaufman (2008) also explains that a more flexible organization in terms of how it handles HR issues determines the organizations ability to solve problems of discrimination. Another theory, McShane and Travaglione (2007), explains that ethical standards require human resource department to review the compensation rates for wages of employees periodically to accommodate the financial or economic situation within the country. This lay foundation for the flexibility that is needed for organizations operation and management with capabilities to adju st payment periodically. According to the theory of contingency, the compensation of employees also rests on the organizational environment and circumstance. This theory, therefore, shows that at times the working environment within an organization dictates pay rise for employees. Furthermore, the larger the size should reflect on the pay of employee since large organization such as Woolworth attracts high customers. Therefore, at high customer number, there should be increase compensation to reflect on the magnitude of work. According to Patrickson Hartmann (2001), the working environment for employees needs to use in developing HRM policies and practice as this determines the wages. Moreover, collecting trolleys during high customer seasons becomes high demanding as compared to other times. These factors need to be considered in compensating employees to increase their performance. There are also pressures from various institutions that are the task to regulate the HR. The Institutional theory explains the relationship between the human resource and other organizations such as Fair Work Ombudsman. The Human Resource Director, Australia, is an example of institutions that normally pile pressure on organizations to tackle pay and discrimination issues. As explained by Bjorkman (2006), human resource management is an important issue that cannot be left to operate on its own without pressure from outside the organization. The Constitution, on the other hand, highlights the relationship between various external organizations that regulate the behaviour of the organization towards employees. This institution theory is also supported by Paauwe and Boselie (2003) when explaining the need for an organization to act according to standards required. In contrast, Osland, et al. (2007) explains that various institutions will always push for employee wage increment despite t heir performance in an organization. Nankervis, Chatterjee and Coffey (2007), on the other hand, shows that the legitimacy of institutions lay in their ability to protect the right of employees and therefore there is need to increase their pressure on the organization. The matching model of human resource management also takes the HR to another level where HR system needs to match organization structure. This means that the organizations strategy should assist in managing the employees since there is congruency between the two. According to Michelson and Kramar (2003), larger organizations such as Woolworth and Cole have a humanitarian strategy that aims at bettering the lives of people around it. This should also reflect on the management of employees and therefore limited discrimination. Similarly, Kochan (2004) advocate for implementation of strategies that are similar to human resource management. Streamlining human resource management according to the organizational strategy helps the organization to perform better. This according to McShane and Ravaglione (2007), indicates that performance of the organization solemnly rests on employees. Forborn Tichy and Devanna model of human resource management explain the interrelationship in HRM activities. According to Martin, Romero and Sanchez-Gardey (2005), HRM activities that form cycle include selection, development, appraisals and rewards. All these activities are linked to form the basis of performance. As explained by Kaufman (2008), appraisal and rewards being a vital aspect of HR plays an important role and should be continuously reviewed. The model is based on the role played by human resource management cycle through minimally considered determinant of performance of the organization. This does not contradict similar observation made by Johnason (2009) when commenting on the human resource management cycle. The Michigan model also explains the relationship between selection, development, reward and appraisal as the determinants of performance of an organization. According to this model, these aspects of human resource cycle should be clearly monitored to avoid issue s as witnessed in Woolworth Limited. Organizational behavior theories also explain the relationship between human resource management and organizational behavior. For instance, the organizational mechanism theory explains the interrelationship between various employees and the organizational culture or structure. As Heneman and Judge (2005), explains organizational culture, for instance, come into play with standards set by government regulating the body. This means that the strategy laid down by the organization in paying for employees should work in hand with government policy guiding human resource management. Similarly, Brewster, Sparrow and Harris, (2005), indicate that organization human resource structure outlined in organizational chart normally complies with government policy pertaining labor policies. In addition, as organization designs its human resource strategy government standards and organizational culture are interplay. This particularly does not contradict a similar study by Ibid Kelly (2003) that sho w the importance of organizational behavior in solving human resource issues. Rebuttal Despite theories that explain the responsibility of organization towards human resource, there are some other theories that explain organizations behavior toward employees. The Harvard model of human resource explains that employees should be competent and cost effective. This implies that trolley collectors demand high pay while their competency is not worth the pay. In addition, the plan by Woolworth of not reversing the employees payment may be due to cost ineffectiveness of the move. Similarly, Dessler, Griffi and Lloyd (2007) explain that it is equally no reason to increase pay for an employee that does not match the magnitude of responsibility. This means that revision of pay for trolley collectors by Woolworth or Cole organizations solemnly depend on the amount of work or the magnitude of work these employees perform. Conclusion In conclusion, human resource is core to every organization and need good structural or strategy to solve related issues. One of the issues that remain a challenge in human resource management is wage discrimination issues among various organizations. There are many theories and models that have been advanced to explain human resource management with respect to wage related issues. Therefore, human resource management models such as institutional theory, organizational behavior, motivation theory, commitment, matching model, contingency and operative model. These theories clearly explain the role played by various concepts in human resource. Reference Bjorkman, I, (ed) (2006), International human resource management research and institutional theory Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Brewster, C., Sparrow, P. Harris, H. (2005), Towards a new model of globalizing HRM. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(6), p. 966. Dessler, G., Griffi ths, J. Lloyd-Walker, B (2007), Human Resource Management, 3rd edn, Australia, Pearson, p. 567 Ibid, p. 31; Kelly D. (2003), A shock to the system? The impact of HRM on academic IR in Australia in comparison with the USA and UK, 19801995. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 41(2), pp. 14971. Heneman III, H.; Judge, T. A. (2005), Staffing Organizations. USA: McGraw-Hill. Johnason, P. (2009), HRM in changing organizational contexts. In D. G. Collings G. Wood (Eds.), Human resource management: A critical approach (pp. 19-37). London: Routledge Kaufman, B.E. (2008), Managing the Human Factor: The Early Years of Human Resource Management in American Industry. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p.312n28. Kochan, T. (2004), Restoring trust in the human resource management profession. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 42(2), pp. 13246; See also Ellem, B. (2005) Putting work in its place: The making of ideal workers and social contracts. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), pp. 23851. Lowry, D. (2006), HR managers as ethical decision-makers; Mapping the terrain. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 44(2), pp. 17183. Martin-Alcazar, F., Romero-Fernandez, P. M. Sanchez-Gardey, G. (2005), Strategic human resource management: Integrating universalistic, contingent, configurational and contextual perspectives. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), pp. 63359. McShane, S. Travaglione, A. (2007), Organisational behavior on the Pacific rim, 2nd edn, Sydney, McGraw-Hill. Michelson, G. Kramar, R. (2003), The state of HRM in Australia: Progress and prospects. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 41(2) , p. 144. Nankervis, A., Chatterjee, S. Coffey, J. (2007), Perspectives of Human Resource Management in the Asia Pacific, Sydney, Pearson Education Australia. Osland, J.S.; et al. (2007), Organizational behavior: an experiential approach (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp.3536. Paauwe, J Boselie, P. (2003), Challenging 'Strategic HRM' and the Relevance of the Institutional Setting, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 56-70. Patrickson, M. Hartmann, L. (2001), HRM in Australia Prospects for the twenty-first century. International Journal of Manpower, 22(3), pp. 198204. Radhakrishna, A. Satya, R. (2015), A Study On The Effect Of Human Resource Development On Employment Relations. IUP Journal of Management Research 14.3: 28-42. Business Source Complete. Web. 25 Sept. 2015. Wall, T. D. Parker, S. (2001), Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, ed. International encyclopedia of the social behavioral sciences (Encyclopedia) (2nd. ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. pp.79807983.

Mountains free essay sample

A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth by over 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystem of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction and recreation, such as mountain climbing. The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalayas of Asia, whose summit is 8,849. 868 m  above mean sea level. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountains or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System is Olympus Mons on Mars at 21,171 m . Climate on mountains become colder at high elevations, due to the way that the sun heats the surface of the Earth. [21] The sun warms the ground directly, while the greenhouse effect acts as a blanket, reflecting heat back towards the Earth that would otherwise be lost to space. The greenhouse effect thus keeps the air at low elevations warm. As elevation increases, there is less greenhouse effect, so the ambient temperature goes down. The rate at which the temperature drops with elevation, called the environmental lapse rate, is not constant (it can fluctuate throughout the day or seasonally and also regionally), but a typical lapse rate is 5. 5 °C per 1,000 m (3. 57 °F per 1,000 ft). [23][24] Therefore, moving up 100 meters on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometers (45 miles or 0. 75 ° of latitude) towards the nearest pole. [25] This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors such as proximity to oceans (such as the Arctic Ocean) can drastically modify the climate. As the altitude increases, the main form of precipitation becomes snow and the winds increase.   The effect of the climate on the ecology at an elevation can be largely captured through a combination of amount of precipitation, and the biotemperature, as described by Leslie Holdridge in 1947. [28] Biotemperature is the mean temperature, where all temperatures below 0  °C (32  °F) are considered to be 0  °C. When the temperature is below 0  °C, plants are dormant, so the exact temperature is unimportant. The peaks of mountains with permanent snow can have a biotemperature below

World War I and United State Essay

World War I and United State Essay World War I and United State Essay Prior 1914 when war erupted in 1914, the US had followed neutrality and noninvolvement in European. Was the United state really neutral? By the time, developments in transportation and communication brought United State enter the Great war. There were many different reasons for this. But trading with Europe eventually brought American into World War I. World War I had had led America to biggest change in society. In addition, it led to a shift in U.S. foreign policy away from neutrality to involvement in world affairs. War broke out in Europe in 1914, the United State attempted to remain neutral. Isolationism, it advocated non involvement in European and Asian conflict in interventional politics. The United State was supposed to remain as contented neutral country by holding the tradition of Washington and Jefferson. In his Farewell Address, President Geoge Washington had advocated noninvolvement in European wars and politics. because the United States had just won war for independence. Also, the new country was relatively small and weak. Foreign policy was best made by neutrality. It was successful because the expanse of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had made it possible to being neutrality and remain from the conflicts. Notwithstanding, during World War I, however president Woodrow Wilson made a case for United State neutral, but it wasn't successful until 1917, the United state was drawn into the war again by the case for U.S Intervention in conflict and United State interested in maintain a p eaceful word. According to document 4, january 22,1917 in the Woodrow Wilson-speech to the United State Senate. " †¦Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its people.." His goal was "make the world safe for the democracy" by " a war to end war" He wanted the American would be impartial and peaceful and by some development had motivate behind Wilson's decision to enter Word War I. Even though American had been out of World War I. We had traded with nation involved in the war. In 1915 Germany used submarines to stop trade between the Allies and the United States. According to the document 3, the U-boat depicted in the cartoon technology of submarine, the Germany U-boat would sink enemy ship in the war zone. In addition,the sinking ship in the cartoon represent the Lusitania was sunk without warning by German U-boat and American citizens were died. Wilson insisted that the America as a neutral nation had the right to trade with nation at war and to send its civilian on ships into war zone. He was defending the principle of freedom of the sea. In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went to Congress to ask for declare war on

Sentence Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Sentence Definition and Examples in English Grammar A sentence is the largest independent unit of grammar: it begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point. The word sentence is from the Latin for to feel. The adjective form of the word is sentential. The sentence is traditionally (and inadequately) defined as a word or group of words that expresses a complete idea and that includes a subject and a verb. Types of Sentence Structures The four basic sentence structures are the: Simple: A  sentence  with only one  independent clause.Compound: Two (or more)  simple sentences  joined by a  conjunction  or an appropriate  mark of punctuation.Complex: A sentence that contains an  independent clause  (or  main clause) and at least one  dependent clause.Compound-complex: A  sentence  with two or more  independent clauses  and at least one  dependent clause. Functional Types of Sentences Declarative: Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.  (Mark Twain)Interrogative:  But what is the difference between literature and journalism? Journalism is unreadable and literature is not read. (Oscar Wilde)Imperative:  Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint. (Mark Twain)Exclamatory:  To die for an idea; it is unquestionably noble. But how much nobler it would be if men died for ideas that were true!  (H. L. Mencken) Definitions and Observations on Sentences I am trying to say it all in one sentence, between one Cap and one period. (William Faulkner in a letter to Malcolm Cowley) The term sentence is widely used to refer to quite different types of unit. Grammatically, it is the highest unit and consists of one independent clause, or two or more related clauses. Orthographically and rhetorically, it is that unit which starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. (Angela Downing, English Grammar: A University Course, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2006) I have taken as my definition of a sentence any combination of words whatsoever, beyond the simple naming of an object of sense. (Kathleen Carter Moore, The Mental Development of a Child, 1896) [A sentence is a] unit of speech constructed according to language-dependent rules, which is relatively complete and independent in respect to content, grammatical structure, and intonation. (Hadumo Bussmann, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Trans. by Lee Forester et al. Routledge, 1996) A written sentence is a word or group of words that conveys meaning to the listener, can be responded to or is part of a response, and is punctuated. (Andrew S. Rothstein and Evelyn Rothstein, English Grammar Instruction That Works! Corwin Press, 2009) None of the usual definitions of a sentence really says much, but every sentence ought somehow to organize a pattern of thought, even if it does not always reduce that thought to bite-sized pieces. (Richard Lanham, Revising Prose. Scribners, 1979) The sentence has been defined as the largest unit for which there are rules of grammar. (Christian Lehmann, Theoretical Implications of Grammaticalization Phenomena, Published in The Role of Theory in Language Description, ed. by William A. Foley. Mouton de Gruyter, 1993) The Notional Definition of a Sentence Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson give a different take in explaining what a sentence is and does: It is sometimes said that a sentence expresses a complete thought. This is a notional definition: it defines a term by the notion or idea it conveys. The difficulty with this definition lies in fixing what is meant by a complete thought. There are notices, for example, that seem to be complete in themselves but are not generally regarded as sentences: Exit, Danger, 50 mph speed limit...On the other hand, there are sentences that clearly consist of more than one thought. Here is one relatively simple example: This week marks the 300th anniversary of the publication of Sir Isaac Newtons Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a fundamental work for the whole of modern science and a key influence on the philosophy of the European Enlightenment. How many complete thoughts are there in this sentence? We should at least recognize that the part after the comma introduces two additional points about Newtons book: (1) that it is a fundamental work for the whole of modern science, and (2) that it was a key influence on the philosophy of the European Enlightenment. Yet this example would be acknowledged by all as a single sentence, and it is written as a single sentence. (Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar, 2nd ed. Pearson, 2002) Another Definition of a Sentence D.J. Allerton provides an alternative definition of a sentence: Traditional attempts to define the sentence were generally either psychological or logical-analytic in nature: the former type spoke of a complete thought or some other inaccessible psychological phenomenon; the latter type, following Aristotle, expected to find every sentence made up of a logical subject and logical predicate, units that themselves rely on the sentence for their definition. A more fruitful approach is that of [Otto] Jespersen (1924: 307), who suggests testing the completeness and independence of a sentence, by assessing its potential for standing alone, as a complete utterance. (D. J. Allerton. Essentials of Grammatical Theory. Routledge, 1979) Two-Part Definition of a Sentence Stanley Fish felt that a sentence can only be defined in two parts: A sentence is a structure of logical relationships. In its bare form, this proposition is hardly edifying, which is why I immediately supplement it with a simple exercise. Here, I say, are five words randomly chosen; turn them into a sentence. (The first time I did this the words were coffee, should, book, garbage and quickly.) In no time at all I am presented with 20 sentences, all perfectly coherent and all quite different. Then comes the hard part. What is it, I ask, that you did? What did it take to turn a random list of words into a sentence? A lot of fumbling and stumbling and false starts follow, but finally someone says, I put the words into a relationship with one another....Well, my bottom line can be summarized in two statements: (1) a sentence is an organization of items in the world; and (2) a sentence is a structure of logical relationships. (Stanley Fish, Devoid of Content. The New York Times, May 31, 2005. Also How to Write a Sentence and How to Read One. HarperCollins, 2011) The Lighter Side of Sentences Some authors a humorous view of a sentence: One day the Nouns were clustered in the street.An adjective walked by, with her dark beauty.The Nouns were struck, moved, changed.The next day a Verb drove up, and created the Sentence... (Kenneth Koch, Permanently. Published in The Collected Poems of Kenneth Koch. Borzoi Books, 2005)

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research Assignment

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research - Assignment Example not tell what/when/why and how the situation been study came about .It is mainly used in calculating frequencies, mean and other statistical derivations. For the case of homeless people, the point-in-time count falls under this research method, as it will only give the number of homeless people in the streets and not how or why they are there. Analytical statistics on the other hand answers the questions why/how/when a characteristic happened. It shows co-relation between two events whose occurrence affects the other. It entails taking calculated action on the agent affecting the subject been studied. It focuses on coming up with ways to improve the future state of the subject matter (Clark, 2007). For instance in the case of the homeless, analytical research will come how they end up in the streets in the first place. It will also bring about an inter-relationship for instance why some people from certain background are more likely to end in the streets than the rest. Evaluative research on the other hand seeks to study whether measures or programs put in place are efficient in curbing the agent affecting the subject matter. It uncovers the effects of a process or agent on a population. Concerning the homeless, this research method will cover on the necessary programs put in place to ensure the homeless either are completely off the streets or are able to receive necessary

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 20

Management - Essay Example The said structure may be considered as bureaucratic or post-bureaucratic depending upon the performance. Bureaucratic is considered when there is a value for merits, hierarchy and definite separation of responsibilities and roles. On the other hand, a post-bureaucratic organization may have the hierarchy but there is a sense of equality in voicing out opinions and ideas through dialogues. Post-bureaucratic also favors consensus which means the decision would depend upon the majority of votes or prevailing idea (DuBrin, 2012: 263). Despite of the â€Å"majority wins† mentality, hierarchy still exists in post-bureaucratic organizations. Kraft was sort of a centralized rigid organization way back before its acquisition of Cadbury. After one and a half year of acquiring Cadbury, the company decided to split the organization into two namely the snack food business and grocery business (Geller, 2011). In addition, it also made efforts to decentralize its structure by allowing more staffs to participate in decision-making and improving the company as a whole. The decision-making involving the product development and manufacturing would be the ones transferred to the lower levels of the organizational hierarchy. In addition, the structure might look like a matrix because the information technology, human resources and logistics teams would be shared across the organization (Ferrari, 2010). Organizational structure is not the only concern in the paper as the ethical issues are also important in the productivity and performance of a company. It is already an accepted fact that making mistakes is inevitable but can be reduced by careful preparations, best practices and sound decisions. Each mistake can be detrimental to the overall state of the company so the rightness or wrongness of an action or practice is being looked at by the professionals and even by the public. After all, a business depends upon the profit that will be gained from

Text Linguistics Essay Example for Free

Text Linguistics Essay Module I. Classificationally meaningful characteristics of the text as an integral and independent object of investigation. Lecture 6. Conceptual variability of linguistic interpretations of the text essence and status and their reflections in the models of the text descriptions. Problem for discussion Evolution of the text description approaches. Models of the text descriptions. Grounds for the chosen models and schemes of the text descriptions as a scientific object. It has already been mentioned that despite the fact that there are many publications devoted to problems of text linguistics. There does not exist an adequate definition of the text that would find satisfaction with all researchers. The difficulties that arise when trying to work out an universally acceptable definition of the text can be explained by the fact that scholars study the text in its various aspects : grammatical, stylistic, semantic, functional and so on. The text can be studied as a product ( text grammar) or as a process (theory of text). The text-as-a-product approach is focused on the text on the text cohesion, coherence, topical organization, illocutionary structure and communicative functions; the text-as-a-process perspective studies the text production, reception and interpretation. Text can be understood as an instance of (spoken or written) language use ( an act of parole) , a relatively self-contained unit of communication. As a â€Å"communicative occurrence† it meets seven criteria of textuality (the constitutive principles of textual communication): cohesion, coherence, intentioanality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality and three regulative principles of textual communication: efficiency, effectiveness and approapriateness.(cf. de Beaugrande and Dressler 1981, Maljaer 1991) 1. Regular Principles of Textual Communiction. The principle of efficiency requires that a text should be used with a minimum effort hence the use of plain ( stereotyped and unimaginative)  language. Which, however booring and unimpressive, is easy to produce and comprehend. In contrast, effectiveness presumes leaving a strong impression and the creation of favourable conditions for attaining a communicative goal; this presupposes the use of creative ( original, imaginative) language which, however effective, may lead to communicative breakdown. The principle of appropriateness attempts to balance off the two above mentioned principles by seeking an accord between the text setting and standards of textuality. Common text features. Some common text features found in books are Table of Contents, Glossary, Index, Bold Words, Headings and Titles, Maps, Diagrams, Illustrations and Charts. Why is Understanding Text Features an important reading strategy? Text Features help us to identify the big ideas and topics that the author is focusing on. Visual text features such as maps and charts help to support the information the author presents in the text. How do we use text features to help us understand what we are reading? Before reading, preview the kinds of text features throughout the book. Think about what the big ideas the author wants you to remember. Make sure to read captions Functional Classification  The functional classification identifies illocutionary text types according to the type of the dominating illocutionary act (see 10.2): representative or assertive type (e.g. research reports, public notices, administrative texts, weather forecasts, diaries, CVs, lectures), directive type (e.g. commands, orders, invitations, instructions, directions, giving advice), expressive type (e.g. apologies, thank-you notes, greeting, condolences, compliments, toasts, congratulations), commissive type ( e.g. promises , pledges, swears, offers, vows, contracts, bets), declarative or performative type (e.g. , nominations, appointments, dismissals, accussations: I find you guilty as charged, marriage ceremonies, testaments, certificates). Texts viewed from this perspective satisfy diverse communicative needs of the society members. Situational Classification  The situational classification sorts out texts according to the sphere of activity (e.g., private, official or public, such as a private letter, a  letter addressed to an institution) and form of communication (dialogical and monological, spoken and written texts). Strategic Classification  The strategic classification deals primarily with the topic and the ways of its expansion 9 the term slohove postupy is used in Slovak stylistics to denote macrocompositional principles, cf. Mistrik 1997): narrative, descriptive, and argumentative.

Galileo Galilei founder Of Modern Experimental Science :: essays research papers

Galileo Galilei "founder of modern experimental science" Galileo Galilei was one of the most remarkable scientists ever. He discovered many new ideas and theories and introduced them to mankind. Galileo helped society as an Italian astronomer and physicist, but how did he come to be such a great and well-known scientist? It took hard work and patience.... Galileo was born during the renaissance in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. He was raised by his mom, Giulia Ammanati, and his dad, Vincenzo Galilei. His family had enough money for school, but they were not rich. When he was about seven years old, his family moved to Florence where he started his education. In 1581, his father sent him to the University of Pisa because he thought his son should be a doctor. For four years, he studied medicine and the different theories of the scientist Aristotle. He was not interested in medicine, but soon he became interested in math. In 1585, he convinced his father to let him leave the school without a degree. Galileo was a math tutor for the next four years in Florence. He spent a lot of the four years studying the scientific thoughts and philosophies of Aristotle. He also invented an instrument that could find the gravity of objects. This instrument, called a hydrostatic balance, was used by weighing the objects in water. Galileo returned to Pisa in 1589 and became a professor in math. He taught courses in astronomy at the University of Pisa, based on Ptolemy's theory that the sun and all of the planets move around the earth. Teaching these courses, he became more understanding of astronomy. In 1592, the University of Padua gave him a professorship in math. He stayed at that school for eighteen years. He learned and believed Nicolaus Copernicus's theory that all of the planets move around the sun, made a mechanical tool called a sector, explained the tides based on Copernican theory of motion of earth, found that the Milky Way was made up of many stars, and told people that machines cannot create power, they can only change it.

Nature Nurture Debate Essay

?NATURE VERSUS NURTURE IS THE ARGUMENT OF WHETHER IT IS the characteristics that are inherited, or those that are learnt through environmental influences, which effect how we develop. ?WE ARE GOING TO LOOK INTO THE DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL approaches in relation to whether it is nature or nurture that determines gender: ?Psychodynamic ?Biological ?Social Learning ?Cognitive Sex and Gender Sex and gender are often referred to as one and the same, so it is important to distinguish between certain words and phrases: ?Sex: The biological state of a person; whether they are male or female depending on their genetic makeup. ?Gender: This is the social interpretation of sex. Is an individuals classification on whether a person is male or female. ?Gender Identity/ Role: Through socialisation we learn what is acceptable behaviour from females and males. We learn that each have different expected characteristics. ?Gender Constancy: Is the realisation that gender is fixed. This happens at 4 years of age. Psychodynamic Approach ?Freud backs up both the nature and nurture, with his psychodynamic approach: ?His idea of the personality being in three parts: the Id, Ego, and Superego. ?The Id is what we are said to have acquired naturally in birth. It is the primitive self, who strives to survive. Psychodynamic Approach ?The ego develops a few months in, and continues to be learnt from the outside world, it is when our consciousness comes into play. A child would learn the di$erence between male and female. ?The superego is the internalisation of moral values. We strive to do the right thing. So a child may have it instilled to act a certain way because that is what is expected, so any other feelings may be pushed into the unconscious. Psychosexual Stages ?In Freuds Psychosexual stages, it is the Phallic stage at age 3 to 6 years old that children become gender aware. ?A child is aware of what sex they are biologically, but their gender is e$ected by interactions between mother and father. Psychodynamic Theory ?However the personality model Freud talks about cannot be proved. ?This approach is also deterministic in that there is no free will when it comes to the psychosexual stages Little Hans Case Study Biological Approach All that is psychological is psysiological ? rst ‘Aron’. Social Learning Approach Cognitive Approach Conclusion ? There is no doubt that sex is based solely upon nature, whereas determining gender brings together both nurture and nature as it is the how society views the sexes. All that is psychological is psysiological ? rst ‘Aron’. Thought’s, feeling’s, ect, reside in the mind and are ultimately of biological cause. Biological psychology is the study of the physiological basis of behaviour and experience, it is highly scienti+c in approach, the key areas of study include:- †¢The nervous system and behaviour †¢States of consciousness †¢Biological rythms †¢Motivation †¢Anxiety and stress †¢pain Biological Psychology Cognitive is mainly a consequence of maturation stages of innate structures Biological Biological psychology states:- †¢Human Behaviour can be explained through hormones, genetics, evolution and the nervous system †¢If in theory, behaviour can be explained biologically, causes for unwanted behaviours can be modi+ed or removed using biological treatment such as medication for mental illnesses. †¢Biological psychology believes in experimental treatment conducted using animals, this is due to our biological similarities. Biological Charles Darwin †¢Was an 18th century English naturalist and geologist. †¢Best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. †¢Whilst on a 5 year expedition, Darwin concluded species of life have descended over time from common ancestors. †¢This created the scienti+c theory to a branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection. †¢For 20 years Darwin worked on his theory †¢1859 The origin of species was published †¢The book was extremely controversial, mainly due to the theory of homo sapiens being another form of animal, leading to a theory of our evolution from apes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The church was not happy. Biological Studying psychology within an evolutionary framework has revolutionized the +eld, allowing di$erent approaches to be uni+ed under one banner. Darwin also pioneered one of evolutionary psychology’s most important tools, the comparative method. The results coming from this new +eld continue to change how we view our behavior and mental abilities, as well as those of other animals. Darwin’s impact in biological Psychology Biological Strengths and weaknesses biological psychology and the theories within support nature over nuture. However, it can be argued, that by limiting explanations for behaviour in terms of either nature or nurture, the complexity of human biengs is underestimated. It could be argued, that the interaction of both nature (biology) and nurture (environment) both play vital roles in our behaviour. A strength to the biological approach is its use of scienti+c methods, producing clear evidence, such as neurotransmitters. The biological approach is able to produce clear evidence, scienti+cally, for explanations A weakness to biological psychology is the reductionist explanations provided, which do not fully encompass the full scope of human behaviour. Individuals may posses a predisposition, to particular behavioural traits, however, environmental factors can also be the cause. This is called ‘Diathesis stress model’ of human behaviour. Biological Biological explanation of gender. Through evolution, men in their role as ‘hunter gatherer’, may have developed a stronger ‘+ght or ;ight response than women, who had the role of caring for the children. Due to this males and females may have developed a di$erent physiological response to stress. Taylor et al (2000) suggested that women produce a calmer response to stress due to a hormone. Oxytocin is realised in response to stress and has been shown to lead to maternal behaviour. Taylor called this the ‘tend and berfriend response’ instead of the ‘+ght or ;ight’ response. Leading to the idea women are more likely to seek social support to cope with stress.

“Nowhere Man” by Pico Iyer Essay

â€Å"Nowhere Man† by Pico Iyer talks about how being a transit lounger has it’s ups and downs. Packing and waiting for your next plane as soon as you’re about ready to just sit down and rest. From sleeping in airports to eating almost all of your meals off of plastic plates. I could relate to Iyer to some level but fully. Being a visitor in your home is never a good feeling to experience but seeing the world through your eyes is such a blessing as well. I thought that nationalism was the only thing that created â€Å"monsters† but after reading this piece, I believe that both nationalism and internationalism create â€Å"monsters†. Themes that I picked up while reading this piece were – independence, nationalism, internationalism, lack for sense of home, family and comfort, discovery, self-discovery, exhaustion, loneliness, confusion. I really enjoyed a lot of the sentences that Iyer wrote but one that really caught my attention was, â€Å"We pass through countries as through revolving doors, resident aliens of the world, impermanent residents of nowhere†. This sentence really caught my attention because not only were these words put together very well but they also have a deeper meaning behind them. To me, this sentence means that they were always in a hurry to get from country to the other in time and all though they were always traveling, they never had the true meaning of a â€Å"home† but yet had a house wherever they traveled to. When Iyer said, â€Å"We are visitors in our home† – it really hit home because whenever I go over to my dads house, I feel like such a visitor although I’m suppose to feel like it’s my second home because it’s my dads house. I’m not sure what he felt when he wrote it but when I write it or talk about, I feel empty as though so mething is missing. Personally, I would have a love/hate relationship if I were a transit lounger, not knowing where home is. I would love it because I get to travel the world, discover new cities and meet new people but I would hate it because I would most likely constantly get asked where I live and I would hate to say â€Å"I don’t actually have a home but I’m going to Madrid next!†. If I didn’t have a home, I would probably lose my sense of family and comfort.  I wouldn’t know where I could go back to when I get tired of traveling, once I’m overwhelmed with seeing new cities and meeting new people. But it would also help me build a sense of independence and I would have an exciting lifestyle. Being a transit lounger sure does have it’s deep cons and pros. Two questions: – If he wasn’t a transit lounger, would he still be the same person he is today? Would he be as independent as he is today? – Did any of the other students relate to Iyer when he mentioned â€Å"†We are visitors even in our home†?

Performance appraisal Essay Example

Performance appraisal Essay Example Performance appraisal Essay Performance appraisal Essay The success behind for all multination companies, team work is playing an important role. Multinational team can provide a perfect development opportunity for an organisations future leaders. Experience of working on effective global team help the team member to increase their management skillness, make them able for facing the challenges for developing and employing the knowledge and skill that are necessary for leading global organizations (Maznevski and DiStefano, 2000). In the company like Hume and Co, there is hardly any team work practised among the consultants. Young consultants are working individually rather collectively by diverting clients from other colleagues. By ensuring strong support to IT consultants from Human Resource professionals will definitely increase their effectiveness, enhanced their knowledge and skill required for building global team effectiveness (Canney Davison Ward, 1999). However, other multinational companies can be mentionable who succeed in using global team appropriately. General Motors has used its global teams in its Research Development (RD) activities for examining the feasibility of producing global cars. Since globalized Coopers Lybrand has been using global teams successfully in serving customers, that finally seen rapid growth in production (Jackson Schuler, 2000: 146) Global leaders have to be experts in learning and adapting their thinking in new paths. Martha L. Maznevski and Joseogh J. DiStefano have identified three key areas where global leaders need to establish their strong efficiency. 1) learning and adapting 2) managing relationships 3) managing ambiguity (2000). In Frankfurt office, Germany the manager used to work in a local company before taking charge of the office. He does not have international managerial experience which is normally required for successfully running company which is looking for expanding its presence globally. In question of managing relationship, the local manager does not have knowledge in corporate culture which means basic assumptions and beliefs held by employees about the enterprise they work for (ucs. mun. ca). Lack of expertise in international managerial experience is another hr issue which creates problems in developing brand, not only for the clients but for the staff as well. On going projects is suddenly postponed following consultants quitting the office. Failing to comply close relationship with the Head Quarter, is revealing lack of managerial efficiency of the manager. Besides, having lack ness of knowledge in company policy and strategy regarding globalisation, local staff are deprived of gaining knowledge in company policies. On the basis of case study, Hume Co. does not posses any definite hr planning that they can enforce in other areas of the world where their business is in operation. Each of the strategic type of firm is required to formulate different types of hr strategy regarding their business structure (Miles and Snow cited by Guest, 1997:264). Companies adopting business strategy and human resource strategy will have superior performance (Guest, 1997).

How to Define Atmosphere

How to Define Atmosphere The term atmosphere has multiple meanings in science: Atmosphere Definition Atmosphere refers to the gases surrounding a star or planetary body held in place by gravity. A body is more likely to retain an atmosphere over time if gravity is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. The composition of the Earths atmosphere is about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, with water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases. The atmospheres of other planets have a different composition. The composition of the Suns atmosphere consists of about 71.1 percent hydrogen, 27.4 percent helium, and 1.5 percent other elements. Atmosphere Unit An atmosphere is also a unit of pressure. One atmosphere (1 atm) is defined to be equal to 101,325 Pascals. A reference or standard pressure is commonly 1 atm. In other cases, Standard Temperature and Pressure or STP is used.

Across The Universe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Across The Universe - Essay Example The film is brilliant for its daringness and like the war in Vietnam; the film does not quite stop in the achievement of its goals. It reaches something more powerful in the quest for success. The music that is used in the first part of the film fits well with the story, from a fantastic dancing number, to Lucy when she is gently musing on the potential romance with Jude through singing. At the end of the film, the song morphs into a dance that can be said to be seductive between Jojo and Sadie. This is a brilliant balance of the inherent romance and the song’s darkness (Taymor 1). At the start, of the film, the music that has been used binds well to the situation and what is taking place in the film. Through this, the film highly captures the viewer’s attention. Some may argue that when watching the film, only the actors and the screenplay matter; however, this is not true as proved by this film. Films have to match the message with the background music played to maintain the viewer’s attention and show progress in the movie. A song can also be used to introduce a new theme or emphasize on a current them is a film (Taymor 1). Halfway through this film, the musical numbers get more visually splendid and weirder and the story seems to lose its way. This one effect is attributed to the wrong choice of song. The film writer has to ensure that the theme of the song coincides with the theme that the film is trying to advocate for, if the theme of the song does not correspond with the film’s theme, then the film will lose its way and will not achieve the required goal (Taymor 1). In the film, the actors use songs to emphasize the feelings that they are portraying especially the main casts. At some point when Sadie tells the rest of the band that Lucy is planning on going solo, Jojo intentionally spoils Lucy’s’ opening song.  Ã‚  

Econ2010-4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ2010-4 - Assignment Example es identifying â€Å"Social Cost†; market â€Å"equilibrium quantity consumed and price†; â€Å"external cost of antibiotic use†; â€Å"deadweight loss†; â€Å"efficient equilibrium† if one exists; and â€Å"private value†. 3. Earlier in the Economics 2010 course we learned that a tax on an ordinary good increases deadweight loss. Does the same impact result with the imposition of a tax on a good with an external cost? Explain. Yes; a tax would cause a change in the equilibrium price and quantity resulting to a inefficient market. 4. Explain the use of the â€Å"COASE THEOREM† in solving private problems of externalities. Under what conditions does the Coase Theorem breakdown as a mechanism for solving private externality issues and restoring efficient market equilibrium allocation? Explain. The theorem states that in case there is a conflict of property rights the parties involved may negotiate on terms that seem to be more beneficial to them than the assigned rights of the property. The theorem will breakdown when there are huge costs associated with bargaining. 5. Explain and/or graph with explanation the difference between controlling and regulating a negative externality by use of a â€Å"Corrective Tax†; a â€Å"Pollution permit system and market†, or a â€Å"Command and control† regulation. Explain the pros and cons of these 3 types of resolution of the negative externality problem. It is the summation of all the sales that a company makes together with other additional sources if incomes for a given period of time during the production process for a given product. It is usually given as Total revenue = price Ãâ€" quantity + other incomes Opportunity cost is the cost that somebody suffers for choosing the alternative decision over the other and it is always considered that the best choice is made between the options; the lesser privileged choice is foregone to pursue the other for more benefits to be yielded. The cost of the neglected choice is considered

Career Action Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Career Action Plan - Assignment Example Furthermore, a marketability analysis would be provided based on a research of my marketable skills as contrasted with the attributes that one’s professional industry is looking for. The evaluation would include which attributes one possesses and which ones have to be worked on. Concurrently, the ideal situation would be detailed through conducting a S.W.O.T. analysis of one’s current and ideal situation. In addition, my short-term and long-term goals would also be presented in the process. Finally, the steps to success section would discuss the strategies which are to be designed to achieve the explicitly defined career goals. People pursue different careers to serve varied personal and professional goals. Some individuals are given the foresight to discern which specific profession to pursue. Others manifest genuine interests in specialized endeavors through possessing innate skills and talents of distinct crafts or fields of study. In my situation, I have envisioned working in a banking institution as part of the management team. To enable me to prepare for the profession, I am currently pursuing higher education with courses that would match job requirements in business, banking, and finance. Currently, I am not working since as an international student studying in Australia, I have to focus on my studies on a full-time basis. Likewise, I could not undertake any part-time job due to visa restrictions. So far, the only work experience previously undertaken were volunteer works; specifically during the holidays when volunteerism in community activities entail providing assistance for building houses for the poor and homeless citizens. Despite the lack of work experience, I have perceived that I possess skills and attributes that would prepare me for future employment. The endeavors undertaken in school, at home, as well as while undertaking

Nestle: Indias success story

Nestle: Indias success story With an employee-strength of over 3000 and turnover of US$ 497 million in 2003, Nestle India is one of the leading companies in the FMCG space in India. The company is acknowledged amongst Indias Most Respected Companies and amongst the Top Wealth Creators of India. During the first half 2004, the company registered a total income of US$ 257.8 million and net profit of US$ 23.73 million. Nestle India is a 61.85 per cent subsidiary of Nestle S.A. Switzerland and was incorporated as a limited company in 1959. It produces a wide range of products including beverages, prepared dishes and cooking aids, milk products and nutrition, chocolate and confectionery. Milk products and nutrition account for around 45 per cent of Nestle Indias total revenues. The companys beverage products generate 22 per cent of the companys total revenues, while prepared dishes and cooking aids generate 18 per cent, and chocolate and confectionery 15 per cent. Major Player in processed foods: Nestle India has over the years built strong brands like MAGGI, NESCAFE, CERELAC, LACTOGEN, KITKAT and POLO. Nestle is major player in many segments of the FMCG sector such as noodles and sauces [MAGGI], instant coffee [NESCAFE] and weaning foods. Nestle products are sold throughout India and are also exported to Russia, Hungary, Japan, USA and several other countries. These include certain international products like Nescafe and Lactogen, as well as select culinary products to meet the demand of the ethnic Indian population living abroad. For three years in succession [from 1999-2000 to 2001- 2002], Nestle India was recognized with the top Exporter Award for export of Instant Coffee, and for export of all coffees to Russia and CIS Countries. Factors for success The culture of innovation and renovation, continuous improvement and the thrust on value-for-money and affordability have helped the company to focus on adding value for the consumer. The company has continuously focused on operational efficiency; improving product availability and visibility and initiated efforts to make its products more relevant to the consumers. This has been supported by the distribution of smaller stock-keeping units (SKUs). There has been continuous focus on the seven value drivers, namely: Sales growth Profit margin Working capital intensity Fixed capital intensity Income tax rate Cost of capital Value growth duration Promotion strategy for market expansion: The following are some of the strategies used by Nestle for market expansion: Availability of NESCAFE enhanced through an expansion of the vending machine network. New consumption opportunities for chocolates and confectionery were identified and developed in areas like railway platforms, college canteens and major events. Nestle set up Cafe Nescafe and Coffee Corners across metros and mini-metros. Thrust on supply chain: During the past few years, Nestle India has continuously focused on improving the supply chain to reduce wastage, improve efficiencies and provide consumers with fresh stocks all the time. Reduction in the finished goods inventory pipeline to improve freshness of stocks and reduce working capital Control on distribution costs through innovative measures Sustained improvement in customer service levels to improve product availability across all geographies and channels Reduction in obsolescence of materials Competence in research and development: The company has access to the Nestle Groups proprietary technology/brands, expertise and the extensive centralized research and development facilities. The culture of innovation and renovation and benchmarking of consumers tastes and products is facilitated in the company by the unique Experimental Kitchen and 2Sensory Laboratory at the Head Office. Leveraging the India Advantage: Outsourcing manufacturing Nestle India has six factories and a large number of co-packers who manufacture products to Nestle specifications. Outsourcing IT advantage The Nestle Group is in the process of implementing the GLOBE project across its operations worldwide. GLOBE is a unique project and the largest of its kind and will enable the Nestle Group to maintain its competitive advantage in the increasingly complex environments of the future. Leveraging the vast consumer base in India Nestle has an optimistic outlook on the Indian economy as the income of people is increasing and the lifestyles are changing. Nestle is keen on leveraging the vast consumer market of India. Future plans: Nestle Indias objective is to manufacture and market the companys products in such a way so as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for consumers, shareholders, employees and business partners. Nestle aims to create value for consumers that can be sustained over the long term by offering a wide variety of high quality, safe food products at affordable prices. The company continuously focuses its efforts to better understand the changing lifestyles of modern India and anticipate consumer needs in order to provide convenience, taste, nutrition and wellness through its product offerings.

A Career in Insurance Sales Essay -- essays research papers

A Career in Insurance Sales Nature of the Work Insurance agents sell one or more types of insurance, such as life, property, casualty, health, disability, and long-term care (Edwards, 1999, A12). Agents sell insurance policies to individuals and businesses to provide protection against loss or catastrophe. Insurance agents consider the financial status and life situation of their clients, and assist them in selecting their optimal insurance policy. Some policies can be designed to provide retirement income, funds for the education of children, or other benefits (Edwards, 1999, A12). Insurance agents prepare reports, maintain records, and they help policyholders to settle insurance claims (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Special in-group policies may help employers provide their employees the opportunity to buy insurance through payroll deductions (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Agents may work for one company or independently for several companies (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Brokers do not sell for a particular company, but direct their clients to companies that offer the best rate and coverage (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Life insurance agents and brokers are sometimes referred to as life underwriters (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Property and casualty insurance agents and brokers sell policies that protect individuals and businesses from financial loss, as a result of automobile accidents, fire or theft, tornadoes and storms, and other events that can damage property (Edwards, 1999, A13). Property and casualty insurance can also sell health insurance policies to businesses that cover the costs of hospital and medical care for their employees (Edwards, 1999, A13). Increasingly, insurance agents and brokers offer comprehensive financial planning services to their clients, such as retirement planning counseling (Edwards, 1999, A13). Because of this, many insurance agents and brokers are licensed to sell mutual funds and other securities (Edwards, 1999, A13). Education and Training Requirements College training may help agents or brokers grasp the technical aspects of insurance policies and the fundamentals and procedures of selling insurance (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Many colleges and universities offer courses in insurance, and a few schools offer a bachelor’s degree in insurance (Abraham & Herman, 1998). College courses in finance, mathematics, a... ... growth of mutual fund sales (Vault.com, 1999). Insurance agents do not desire a rise in crime, since fear of crime leads more people to seek insurance coverage for their homes, cars, and valuables (Vault.com, 1999). Sales of commercial insurance should increase as new businesses emerge and existing firms expand their coverage (Vault.com, 1999). Trends toward multiline agents, self-insurance, and group policies will also contribute to increased volume of insurance sales, and open positions (Vault.com, 1999). Since insurance is considered a necessity, agents are unlikely to face unemployment in times of recession (Vault.com, 1999). References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham, K. G., & Herman, A. M. (1998). Insurance agents and brokers. Occupational outlook handbook. (1998-1999 ed.). 250-252.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edwards, S. A. (1999, March 8). Insurance: what you need to know. The Hartford Courant, pp. A12, A13. (Article appears on two separate pages.) Vault.com Inc.  © 1999 150 West 22nd St., 5th Floor, New York, NY 10011 http://www.vault.com/vstore/pages/occupations.cfm?Product_id=513&objectgroup_id=284&chapter=1

American Lit: Anne, the Author to Her Book, Mistress Bradstreet Essay

In â€Å"Anne,† begin with The Author to Her Book, which evidently was written as the epigraph to the second edition of her collection of poems. What of her personality as a woman comes through in the poem? In â€Å"The Author to Her Book† It is immediate that the reader knows that a woman and a mother wrote this piece. â€Å"Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain, Who after birth did’st by my side remain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This sentence sets the stage for everything that would come next about her from staying by her side while children, to going out into the world with friends, and becoming adults and moving out of the house. Threw the middle of the poem, lines 5-10, you can tell that she is unhappy with her children for what is unclear but â€Å"brat† and â€Å"cast thee by as one unfit for light† can’t be a good sign. The last two lines though you can tell she will always love her children but she has to let them go. For a mother in that time period, especially a mother of 8, you can really get the sense of how much of an up and down ride I was to raise so many children and all the responsibility’s that when along with it. †¢In â€Å"Mistress Bradstreet†, what poems show her in her social life as the wife of a high official? From reading â€Å"Upon the Burning of Our House† I can gather that she was a wife of a high official or that she had had any money is to be new to Virginia she and her husband had many thing you wouldn’t think would be in a typical pilgrims home. Things that were burn such as a trunk, table and her stores even though she doesn’t really describe her stores, these alone would tell you that she was better off than most even before the mention of â€Å"pelf† which meant money or wealth. Works Cited George Perkins, B. P. (2009). The American Tradition in Literature. New York: McGraw Hill.

Exercise and Heart Essay

Introduction Aim: Finding out how exercise affects the heart rate and breathing rate. Hypothesis: Exercise exists in different forms and has many benefits; it improves the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, development of bones, strengthens muscles and the lungs capacity plus it can make you feel good. There are different exercises and intensities for different benefits. Lower intensity exercises are not designed to work the body as hard. As a result less oxygen is needed and less waste is in excess. However even low intensity exercises require more substances to be carried out than if your body was in its resting state. Therefore different concentrations of substances are required for different intensities of exercise. In effect this affects your heart and breathing rate. (Jones & Jones, 1984) (Ross, 1978) Null Hypothesis: Exercise has no effect on the heart rate or breathing rate. The overall rate of the heart and breathing increases during exercise. The heart beats faster, allowing blood to supply substances required by the cells to respire. Oxygen is needed to replace the oxygen used up in respiring cells, while at the same time the cells produce carbon dioxide that needs to be removed from the body. The heart rate increases to pump blood around the body quicker, ensuring oxygen is constantly dissociating from the blood to the cells. At the same time the breathing rate increases to increase the rate of gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and remove excess waste from the body as soon as possible. (Jones & Jones, 1984) (Ross, 1978) â€Å"Exercise, although essential both for early, sudden muscle contraction ( a few minutes ) and for prolonged, sustained exercise, muscle food stores are not enough. The contracting muscle must also take up glucose from the blood.† (Ross, 1978, p. 705) â€Å"Aerobic exercises improve lung capacity. Exercising muscles need extra oxygen, which is supplied to them by breathing faster and more deeply. If you regularly do exercise which make your muscles demand extra oxygen, called aerobic exercise, this helps your respiratory system to become efficient at getting oxygen into your blood.† (Jones and Jones, 1984, p. 279). Risk assessment: Chemical/Procedure| Hazard| Precaution| * Stepping off and on exercise step| * Slipping off step| * Dry shoes * Appropriate support| * Exercising| * Pulling muscles * Feinting/Blackout * Spraining ankles| * Appropriate stretching before exercise * Supervised by professional * Don’t force ankles onto the surfaces * Try to be light on the feet| * Wide breadths of movement| * Inflicting contact on others| * Suitable space for procedure| Variables: Constant Variables * Exercise step * Number of steps taken * Resting period * People recording pulse and breathing rate * Temperature of room Independent Variables * Exercise Dependent Variables * Heart rate * Breathing rate Method: 1. Record the pulse (preferably from the wrist) for 30 seconds of the person participating before exercise. 2. Double the number of pulses – this gives an estimate of the heart beats per minute 3. Place hand on the lower back of the person participating before the exercise and count the number of times the person inhales and exhales in 30 seconds then double it – this is the breathing rate per minute. 4. These are the heart rate and breathing rate at rest. 5. Explain to the participant the concepts of both exercises: a. Slow 20: Slowly climb onto and off the step for doing 20 steps in total. b. Fast 20: Climb onto and off the step as fast as possible for 20 steps in total. 6. After the participant has done the â€Å"Slow 20† exercise, record the heart rate and breathing rate. 7. Stop the stopwatch and reset 8. Next record the heart rate and breathing rate after the participant has undergone â€Å"Fast 20† exercise – however keep the stopwatch running for an additional three minutes 9. At the end of the three minutes record the heart rate and breathing rates 10. Work out the averages of all the results 11. Plot results in a suitable table Results Table Heart Rate Rest| Slow 20| Fast 20| 3 minute rest| 76| 107| 130| 72| Breathing Rate Rest| Slow 20| Fast 20| 3 minute rest| 18| 23| 33| 20| Analysis As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood. Oxygen is required by the cells to carry out respiration, this provides the energy in the form of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) which is a molecule required for muscular contraction. As exercise takes place, oxygen is used to form ATP, which needs to be replaced. Carbon dioxide is also built up in the same cells due to muscle contraction, and this excess COâ‚‚ needs to be removed. The breathing rate increases to increase the gaseous exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is breathed in through the atmosphere and diffuses into the thin walls of the alveoli, which then diffuses into the blood along the capillaries. The blood then passes the respiring cells and the oxygen it contains diffuses into the cells. At the same time, the excess COâ‚‚ diffuses from the respiring cells into the blood, along through to the alveoli and is breathed out. This maintains equilibrium in the body of oxygen and carbon dioxide. â€Å"To create energy for physical efforts lasting more than 1 minute, muscles need oxygen. The harder your muscles work, the more energy they need and the more you must suck wind to supply them with oxygen. Also, the more oxygen your muscles use to create energy, the more waste (carbon dioxide) they produce. Exhaling expels this carbon dioxide from your system.† (Why Does Exercise Increase Heart Rate And Breathing Rate?, 2012) â€Å"Blood is the vehicle that delivers oxygen to and removes carbon dioxide waste from the working muscles. To deliver more oxygen and remove more waste products, the heart pumps more blood. According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), at lower intensities (up to 50% of your maximum cardiac output) your heart can meet the increased oxygen demand by increasing both heart rate and stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped with each beat). However, beyond 50% of cardiac output, increasing your heart rate in proportion with your effort is your body’s only way to deliver more oxygen to the muscles.† (Why Does Exercise Increase Heart Rate And Breathing Rate?, 2012) Graph Evaluation The experiment was good enough to gain results as the results were those predicted by the hypothesis. The experiment was carried out by five people at random in terms of height and weight, the individual weights were taken and the average result were used as the final result – results used to be plotted onto the graph. The combination of random sampling and number of repeats increases the experiments reliability as it tries to keep the results obtained as much due to chance as possible. Also, because the results were predicted by the hypothesis it suggests that this data can be used to find out what was being looked for – the effects of exercise on the heart and breathing rates. Validity is therefore increased, adding more support for the experiment to be a suitable method for finding effects of exercise on the heart and breathing rates. No anomalous results were found, the results followed the predicted trend, the reason for this result could be due to the nature of the body and how it counter reacts with the external influences on the tissues and organs. The secretion and inhibition of certain substances are essential for the body to sustain itself in a stable state during the effects of exercise. Improvements I would improve this experiment by using more accurate equipment to improve the accuracy of the overall experiment. I would run repeats to see if my results complimented each other to increase the reliability. The difference is I would run the experiment in the same way which may differ from other people’s subjective habits. More accurate equipment could have been used to improve the accuracy of the overall experiment. The heart rate is measured by finding the pulse of the body, a more precise method of determining pulse involves the use of an electrocardiograph, or ECG (also abbreviated EKG). Commercial heart rate monitors are also available, consisting of a chest strap with electrodes. The signal is transmitted to a wrist receiver for display. Heart rate monitors allow accurate measurements to be taken continuously. (Heart Rate, 2012) The breathing rate can be measured over a full period of 60 seconds to get more accurate results. Repeats using the improvements to accuracy of finding the heart and breathing rates would yield more reliable results. The exercise itself is very subjective to each person. Their interpretation of slow could be different to other people, which would affect the time it takes each individual person to take twenty steps. The exercise could then be controlled by suggesting a method to keep generalise the types of speed people would undergo during the exercise. For example, people could use counting as a reference point for when they should stand onto or off the exercise step. Bibliography * Jones, M. And Jones, G. 1984. Biology: The Press Syndicate * Ross, G. 1978. Human Physiology: Year Book Medical Publishers * Why Does Exercise Increase Heart Rate And Breathing Rate? (2012)Breathing Rate & Heart Rate [Online] Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/article/109267-exercise-increase-heart-rate-breathing-rate/ (Accessed: 15 November 2012) * Heart Rate (2012) Measurement [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate (Accessed: 16 November 2012)